Gotu kola — The Cognitive Triterpene

Gotu kola (Centella asiatica) contains active triterpenes, primarily asiaticoside and asiatic acid. These compounds exert neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects by modulating key cellular pathways. Asiatic acid has been shown to activate the AMPK/mTOR pathway, promoting autophagy and metabolic regulation. It also inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Additionally, it may stimulate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, supporting synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.

Small clinical trials and meta-analyses suggest potential benefits for working memory and cognitive function in older adults, though evidence remains mixed. A 2017 meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials found improvements in mood and cognitive domains, but noted the need for larger, well-designed studies. No published human longevity trials. Animal/in-vitro evidence only for lifespan extension.

Typically 500–1,000 mg/day of standardized extract (often standardized to 10% triterpenes) in human trials for cognitive support. Best taken with food. Unestablished dose for explicit longevity extension in humans.

Generally well-tolerated in short-term use. Known adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset, nausea, and rare instances of hepatotoxicity. Contraindicated in individuals with liver disease or those taking hepatotoxic medications. May interact with sedatives and CNS depressants. Safety in pregnancy and lactation is unestablished.

Key Papers