He shou wu — The Traditional Tonic

He shou wu (Polygonum multiflorum) contains bioactive compounds, most notably 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside (TSG). In preclinical models, TSG exhibits strong antioxidant properties and has been shown to increase lifespan and stress resistance in C. elegans. The mechanism appears to involve the modulation of the DAF-16/FOXO pathway, SIRT1 activation, and the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase. It may also influence the P53/P21 pathway to mitigate cellular senescence. However, the specific molecular mechanisms driving these effects in humans remain poorly characterised.

No published human longevity trials. Animal/in-vitro evidence only. Evidence for lifespan extension is limited to model organisms such as C. elegans.

Dosing in humans is highly variable and unestablished for longevity purposes. In traditional Chinese medicine, doses of 9–15 g/day of the processed root (Polygonum multiflorum praeparata) are common, often prepared as a decoction. Standardised extracts (e.g., for TSG content) are sometimes used at 250–500 mg/day, but no consensus exists for anti-ageing protocols.

He shou wu carries a well-documented and significant risk of hepatotoxicity (drug-induced liver injury), which can be severe or fatal. The raw root is more toxic than the processed form, but both have been implicated in liver damage. It is contraindicated in individuals with pre-existing liver conditions or those taking hepatotoxic medications. Long-term use or high doses should be avoided, and liver function monitoring is strongly advised if used.

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