Tempol — The Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic

Tempol functions primarily as a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, catalysing the dismutation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. By scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), it prevents the formation of highly damaging peroxynitrite and protects cellular components from oxidative damage. Additionally, Tempol has been shown to modulate inflammatory pathways, reducing the expression of cytokines and tissue factor, and may influence NAD+ metabolism and redox balance. Its membrane permeability allows it to act intracellularly, offering protection against oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

No published human longevity trials. Animal/in-vitro evidence only. Tempol has been investigated in early-stage human clinical trials for conditions such as COVID-19 and radiation-induced toxicity, but its efficacy for lifespan extension in humans remains unestablished.

Dosing for longevity is unestablished in humans. In preclinical murine models, it is often administered via drinking water or diet. Human clinical trials for other indications have explored oral doses up to 1,600 mg/day or topical applications, but no consensus exists for systemic anti-ageing use.

The safety profile of systemic Tempol in humans is not fully characterised. Potential adverse effects observed in preclinical or early clinical settings may include gastrointestinal disturbances, changes in blood pressure, and respiratory irritation. It should be avoided by pregnant or breastfeeding women and those with compromised liver or kidney function until further human safety data is available.

Key Papers